As the U.S. and Iran prepare for a second round of ceasefire negotiations, disagreements over nuclear material handling have emerged as the main obstacle.

According to the Institute for the Study of War, both sides remain far apart on uranium enrichment and stockpile policies.

The U.S. is demanding a 20-year halt to uranium enrichment, while Iran is proposing a much shorter period of 3 to 5 years.

A key issue is the fate of highly enriched uranium, referred to as “nuclear dust” by Donald Trump. Washington insists on removing all such material from Iran, while Tehran wants to retain part of it domestically or dilute it.

Iran argues the material is needed for medical purposes, but experts warn that even a small retained stockpile could enable a rapid return to nuclear weapons development.

Benjamin Netanyahu has also demanded full dismantlement of enrichment facilities and complete removal of stockpiles.

The International Atomic Energy Agency previously confirmed Iran possessed about 441 kg of uranium enriched to 60%, a level that can be quickly upgraded to weapons-grade.

Conflicting signals from within Iran, including statements from the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, suggest internal divisions that could complicate negotiations.

Meanwhile, control over the Strait of Hormuz remains a strategic bargaining tool for both sides.

Analysts say the complex interplay of nuclear policy, sanctions, and maritime control makes a quick agreement unlikely.

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